India is being projected as a super power or regional power but the statistics shows the situation otherwise and india has to struggled a lot before it can claim to have a status a superpower
1. Education Despite growing investment in education,
25% of its population is still illiterate; only 15% of Indian students reach
high school, and just 7%, of the 15% who make it to high school, graduate.
As
of 2008, India's post-secondary institutions offer only enough seats for 7% of
India's college-age population, 25% of teaching positions nationwide are
vacant, and 57% of college professors lack either a master's or PhD degree.
According
to the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), India has the lowest public expenditure on higher education per
student in the world
2. Poverty Poverty is widespread in India,
with the nation estimated to have a third of the world's poor. According to a
2005 World
Bank
estimate, 41.6% of the total Indian population falls below the international poverty line of
US$ 1.25 a day (PPP, in nominal terms
21.6 a day in urban areas and
14.3 in rural areas).
According to 2010 data from the United Nations Development Programme, an estimated 37.2%
of Indians live below the country's national poverty line. A recent report by
the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) states that 8 Indian
states have more poor than 26 poorest African nations combined which totals to
more than 410 million poor in the poorest African countries
The
latest UNICEF data shows that one in three malnourished children worldwide are
found In India, whilst 42 percent of the nation's children under five years of
age are underweight. It also shows that a total of 58 percent of children under
five surveyed were stunted. Rohini Mukherjee, of the Naadi foundation-one of
the NGO's that published the report-stated India is "doing worse than
sub-Saharan Africa,".
The
2011 Global Hunger Index
(GHI) Report places India amongst the three countries where the GHI between
1996 and 2011 went up from 22.9 to 23.7, while 78 out of the 81 developing
countries studied, including Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Kenya,
Nigeria, Myanmar, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Malawi, succeeded in improving hunger
condition
The India State Hunger Index
(ISHI) is a tool to calculate hunger and malnutrition at the regional level in India. It is constructed in the same fashion as the Global
Hunger Index (GHI)
2008 and was calculated for 17 states in India, covering more than 95 percent
of the population.
3. Street Child A street child in India is a child
in India "for whom the
street (in the widest sense of the word, including unoccupied dwellings,
wasteland, etc.) has become his or her habitual abode and/or source of
livelihood; and who is inadequately protected, supervised, or directed by
responsible adults”.
It is difficult to count the number of street
children living in India because of their floating (moving often) nature, but
it is estimated that more than 400,000 street children in India exist.[2] Mainly because of
family conflict, they come to live on the streets and take on the full
responsibilities of caring for themselves, including working to provide for and
protecting themselves. Though street children do sometimes ban together for
greater security, they are often exploited by employers and the police
4. Sanitation Most Indians depend on on-site
sanitation facilities. Recently, access to on-site sanitation have increased in
both rural and urban areas. In rural areas, total sanitation has been
successful (see below). In urban areas, a good practice is the Slum Sanitation
Program in Mumbai that has provided access to sanitation for a quarter million
slum dwellers. Sewerage, where available, is often in a bad state. In Delhi the
sewerage network has lacked maintenance over the years and overflow of raw
sewage in open drains is common, due to blockage, settlements and inadequate
pumping capacities. The capacity of the 17 existing wastewater treatment plants
in Delhi is adequate to cater a daily production of waste water of less than
50% of the drinking water produced. Of the 2.5 Billion people in the world that
defecate openly, some 665 million live in India. This is of greater concern as
88% of deaths from diarrhoea occur because of unsafe water, inadequate
sanitation and poor hygiene
5. Water supply Challenges. None of the 35 Indian cities
with a population of more than one million distribute water for more than a few
hours per day, despite generally sufficient infrastructure. Owing to inadequate
pressure people struggle to collect water even when it is available. According
to the World
Bank, none have
performance indicators that compare with average international standards.
A 2007 study by the Asian Development Bank
showed that in 20 cities the average duration of supply was only 4.3 hours per
day. No city had continuous supply. The longest duration of supply was 12 hours
per day in Chandigarh, and the lowest was 0.3 hours
per day in Rajkot.
In Delhi residents receive water only a few hours per day
because of inadequate management of the distribution system. This results in
contaminated water and forces households to complement a deficient public water
service at prohibitive 'coping' costs; the poor suffer most from this
situation. For example, according to a 1996 survey households in Delhi spent an
average of
2,182 (US$43.5) per year in time and money
to cope with poor service levels. This is more than three times as much as the
2001 water bill of about US$18 per year of a Delhi household that uses 20 cubic
meters per month.
6. Corruption Political, bureaucratic, corporate and
individual corruption in India are major concerns.
A 2005 study conducted by Transparency International in India found that
more than 55% of Indians had first-hand
experience of paying bribes or influence
peddling
to get jobs done in public offices successfully.
Transparency International estimates that
truckers pay US$5 billion in bribes annually. In 2011 India was ranked 95th out
of 178 countries in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index.
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