By Robert Winnett, Political Editor in Los Cabos, Mexico
9:27PM BST 19
Jun 2012
Two rescue funds are to be used to buy the debts of the troubled economies,
the cost of which have reached record highs in recent weeks.
It is hoped that the move, which represents a substantial shift in policy
for Germany’s chancellor,
Angela Merkel, will send a strong signal to financial markets that Europe’s biggest economy is finally prepared to back its
weaker neighbours.
Mrs Merkel and other European leaders have come under intense pressure at
this week’s G20 summit to take radical action to stem the growing euro crisis
which has pushed up the cost of Spanish bonds to unsustainable levels.
The communiqué issued at the end of the G20 summit, which finished in Mexico last
night, said that European leaders had agreed to take action to bring down
borrowing rates.
Under the proposed deal, two European rescue funds – the £400 billion (€500 billion) European
Stability Mechanism (ESM) and the £200 billion (€250 billion) European
Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) – will buy bonds issued by European
countries.
Previously, money in these funds — which has been provided by members of
the single currency — has been used to bail out smaller European countries such
as Greece, Portugal and Ireland. Governments in these
countries were offered money directly in return for agreeing to austerity
programmes. Under the new plan, the money in these funds will not be given
directly to governments but will instead be used to buy up debts on the
financial markets.
The European Central Bank previously bought about £170 billion (€210 billion) of bonds in
this way but stopped last year. It is hoped the new
plan will drive down the cost of Spanish and Italian bonds by showing that the
eurozone is prepared to stand behind the debts of its members.
President Barack Obama met David Cameron and other European leaders
yesterday to discuss the proposed deal and an EU-American trade deal.
François Hollande, the French president, said that Italy had proposed using
the eurozone's new permanent bailout fund to buy the debt of member states
saddled with high borrowing costs and that this was an idea worth exploring.
"Italy
has launched an idea which is worth looking at," he said. The proposale
will be discussed at a meeting in Rome on Friday
between him, Mrs Merkel, Spain's
Mariano Rajoy and Italy's
Mario Monti.
"We are looking for ways to use the ESM for this. At the moment it is
just an idea, not a decision. It is part of the discussion," he said.
Mr Hollande said rates paid by Spain
and Italy
to borrow on debt markets were unacceptable. “We must show a much faster
capacity for action,” he said.
Germany is reported to be willing to do more, but has not yet indicated its
support for the proposal.
Experts said it was a step towards establishing shared eurobonds, where
debt from across the single currency area is shared and effectively
underwritten by Germany.
At a press conference to mark the end of the G20 summit, David Cameron
welcomed the assurances given by eurozone leaders.
He said: "What I've sensed at this summit is that there is a fresh
impetus - using all the mechanisms, institutions, firepower they have."
He added that European leaders would put the future of the euro
"beyond doubt". White House sources indicated that a "new
framework" to shore up the single currency would be unveiled at next
week's summit in Brussels.
Timothy Geithner, the US Treasury Secretary, said the new deal would help Spain and Italy to borrow money at lower
rates.
Last night, George Osborne, the Chancellor, indicated that he was
optimistic a deal could be agreed. “We will see what the eurozone announce over
the next couple of weeks, but there is no doubt that they realise that
individual measures in individual countries – like recapitalising Spanish banks
and getting a Greek government that is in favour of staying in the euro and
doing what is necessary to stay in the euro — are not by themselves enough,” he
said.
“These are systemic problems in the eurozone which require a systemic
answer and we need to see measures from the eurozone that help bring borrowing
costs down, that help ensure that there are common resources transferred from
richer countries to poorer countries, that the whole eurozone stands behind the
banks of the eurozone.”
He added: “The eurozone is inching towards solutions. Basically, we do need
to see the richer countries, like Germany,
like Holland,
spend some of their resources in propping up the weaker countries of the
eurozone.
“Obviously it is difficult for them to do that, it is not a popular thing
to do but it is absolutely necessary.
“I think there are signs that the eurozone are moving towards richer
countries standing behind their banks and standing behind the weaker
countries.”
The emergence of an outline rescue deal for Spain
and Italy
comes after Spanish bond yields increased sharply to more than seven per cent
after the re-run of the Greek election last weekend.
Talks continued yesterday between the main Greek political parties to form
a new coalition government. The new administration, which is expected to be led
by the New Democracy party, is likely to attempt to renegotiate the terms of
the Greek bail-out. The new government is hoping to water down or delay the
country’s austerity programme. However, this is likely to be blocked by the
German government and it is feared that this may lead to renewed turmoil in Greece.
Alongside discussions of the eurozone deal at the G20 summit, world leaders
agreed to increase resources to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). China offered another £27 billion, and countries including Brazil,
Russia and India each
pledged £6.3 billion, under a scheme to double the IMF’s fighting
fund. The US
refused to contribute further funds.
Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the IMF, said: “These resources
are being made available for crisis prevention and resolution and to meet the
potential financing needs of all IMF members.”
Leaders of major European countries meet in Rome on Friday ahead of a crucial EU-wide
summit next week. Negotiations at the summit are expected to focus on plans for
a European-wide banking union. However, this may prompt concerns in Britain over
what safeguards will be offered to the City.
The Prime Minister will today travel to Mexico City for talks with the outgoing
Mexican president. He may also meet Carlos Slim, the Mexican tycoon who is the
world’s richest man.
